PIANO

The piano, a versatile and widely played instrument, is central to both solo and ensemble music across numerous genres, from classical and jazz to pop and modern experimental compositions. Originating in the early 18th century and invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori in Italy, the piano evolved from earlier keyboard instruments like the harpsichord and clavichord. Its name, short for 'pianoforte,' reflects its ability to play notes with varying degrees of loudness (piano meaning soft and forte meaning loud in Italian).

The modern piano comes in two primary forms: the grand piano and the upright piano. Grand pianos, with their horizontal soundboards, are known for their richer sound and are commonly used in concert halls and studios. Upright pianos, which have vertical soundboards, are more compact and suited for use in homes and smaller venues. Both types operate on the same mechanical principle where keys control hammers that strike strings, with pedals to modify the sound's duration and quality.